Alice Ball

Alice Augusta Ball (24 Iulai 1892 – 31 Kekemapa 1916) he kemika a he kumu aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi. ʻO ia ka wahine ʻAmelika ʻApelika mua i loaʻa ka Bachelor of Science ma ka chemistry mai ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi mai, a ʻo ia pū ka wahine a me ka wahine ʻAmelika ʻApelika mua i aʻo ma ia kulanui. Kaulana ʻo ia no kāna hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka maʻi lepela, he mea i hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ʻana ma Hawaiʻi a puni ka honua.

Ka Nohona Mua

Hānau ʻia ʻo Alice Augusta Ball ma ka lā 24 Iulai 1892 ma Seattle, Wakinekona. He kupa ʻo ia no kekahi ʻohana waiwai a naʻauao. ʻO James P. Ball, Sr., kona kupuna kāne, he kiʻi paʻi wena kaulana a he mea pale kūpono no nā kuleana sivila. ʻO kona makuakāne, James P. Ball, Jr., he kiʻi paʻi wena a he loio. Hele ʻo Ball i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma Seattle a loaʻa iā ia nā kēkelē ʻelua mai ke Kulanui o Washington mai: he kēkelē pharmaceutical chemistry (1912) a he kēkelē pharmacy (1914).

Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi

Ma ka makahiki 1914, neʻe ʻo Ball i Hawaiʻi no ke aʻo ʻana ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi. Ma ʻaneʻi, loaʻa iā ia kona kēkelē master's ma ka chemistry a lilo ʻo ia i kumu aʻo ma ke kulanui. He mea nui kēia no ka mea ʻo ia ka wahine ʻAmelika ʻApelika mua i aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi. Ma kona wā ma ke kulanui, aʻo ʻo ia i nā papa chemistry a kōkua i nā haumāna he nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā manaʻo paʻakikī o ka chemistry.

Ka Hana Noiʻi

Ka Chaulmoogra Oil

I kona wā ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi, noiʻi ʻo Ball i ka chaulmoogra oil, he ʻaila i loaʻa mai ka lāʻau Hydnocarpus wightianus mai, he lāʻau i ulu ma ka ʻāina ʻĀkia. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻaila e nā kānaka ʻĀkia no ka maʻi lepela, akā he mea ʻawaʻawa loa a paʻakikī ka hoʻokomolana ʻana i loko o ke kino.

Ka Ball Method

Hoʻomohala ʻo Ball i kekahi ʻano hou e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka chaulmoogra oil ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā acid ethyl ester. Ma mua o kāna hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo pono ʻia ka chaulmoogra oil i loko o ke kino. ʻO ka pilikia nui, inā e inu ʻia ka ʻaila, hoʻoluʻu ka ʻōpū, a inā e hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka ʻili, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo pono i loko o ke kino. Akā, ma hope o kāna hoʻololi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau ma o ke kano ʻana, a ua ola nā maʻi he nui.

Ka Hopena o Kāna Hana

ʻO ka "Ball Method" ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka lepela a hiki i ka makahiki 1940, i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau antibiotic hou. Ma mua o kāna ʻimi noiʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole loaʻa kekahi lāʻau maikaʻi no ka maʻi lepela. Hoʻēmi nui ʻo Ball i ke kaumaha o ka noho ʻana ma Kalaupapa, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā maʻi lepela. Ma muli o kāna hana, ua hiki i nā kauka ma ka Home ʻo Kalihi ke hoʻōla i nā maʻi lepela he nui.

Ka Make ʻAna

Make koke ʻo Ball ma ka lā 31 Kekemapa 1916, i kona makahiki he 24 wale nō. ʻAʻole maopopo ka mea i make ai ʻo ia, akā manaʻo kekahi poʻe ua pili paha i kona hana me nā kemika. I kona wā e ola ana, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kona inoa ma luna o kāna hana noiʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Kauka Arthur L. Dean i kāna ʻimi noiʻi me ka hōʻike ʻole i kona inoa, a kapa ʻo ia i ka "Ball Method" ʻo ka "Dean Method". Akā, ma hope mai, ua hoʻoponopono ʻo Kauka Harry T. Hollmann i kēia hewa ma ka palapala ʻana i kekahi ʻatikala e hōʻike ana i ko Ball koʻikoʻi.

Ke Kuleana i ka ʻEpekema

He mea nui ka hana a Ball i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻepekema no nā kumu he nui:

ʻO ia ka wahine ʻAmelika ʻApelika mua i loaʻa ka Master's Degree ma ka chemistry ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi
Hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano hou e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka lāʻau kahiko
Hōʻike kāna hana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike kahiko me ka ʻepekema hou
Wehe ʻo ia i ke ala no nā wahine ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻepekema
Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ola o nā maʻi lepela he nui ma Hawaiʻi a puni ka honua

Nā Hoʻohanohano

Ma ka makahiki 2000, kau ʻia he plaque ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi e hoʻohanohano ana iā Ball a me kāna hana. Aia ma luna o kekahi lāʻau chaulmoogra ma ke kahua kula.
Kapa ʻia kāna ʻano hana ʻana i ka chaulmoogra oil ʻo ka "Ball Method".
Ma ka makahiki 2017, hoʻohanohano ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi iā ia me ka Medal of Distinction.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kona moʻolelo ma nā puke, nā hōʻikeʻike, a me nā polokalamu TV he nui.
Ma ka makahiki 2019, hoʻohanohano ka London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i ka mōʻaukala o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā Kūmole

He ʻōmuku kēia mea. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e kōkua mai i ka holomua ʻana i kēia mea.