Iesū Kristo
Iesū (c. 4 BC), kapa inoa pū ʻo Iesū o Nazareta, Ka Haku Iesū ai ʻole Iesū Kristo (Iesū Kariso)[1], he kahuna pule a he alakaʻi Iukaio ʻo ia, mai ke kenekulia 1[2]. ʻO ia ka meʻe kikoʻī ma ka hoʻomana Kristiano,ka hoʻomana nui loa ma ka hōnua, a me ka puke Baibala Hemolele . Piliwi ka hapanui o nā kānaka Kristiano he keiki o Iesū na Ke Akua, a he Mesia pū ʻo ia (Kristo) i wānana aku ai ma ke Kauoha Kahiko.
| Iesū Kristo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Hānau: | c. 4 BC Betelehema, Iudea, ʻAupuni ʻemepela o Roma |
| Make: | 30-33 AD (33-36 mau makahiki) Ierusalema, Iudea, ʻAupuni ʻemepela o Roma |
| Ka nohoʻana: | Nazareta, Iudea, ʻAupuni ʻemepela o Roma |
ʻAe kokoke nā akeakamai a pau i kēia lā ua maoli ʻo Iesū.[3] Ua paʻakīkī nō lākou ke maopopo ʻo wai ka Iesū kahiko maoli mo ka mea ʻo nā ʻEuanelio nā moʻolelo wale no ke ola o Iesū Kristo.[4] He Iukaio Galilaia o Iesū, na Ioane ka Papekema ka mea i papekema iā ia a ua hoʻomaka kona ʻoihana kahuna pule.[5] Ua haʻiʻōlelo ʻo ia[6] a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "rabi"[7]. Ua paio o Iesū me nā Iukaio ʻē aʻe pehea e hāhai iā Ke Akua me ka pololei, he kahuna lapaʻau, ʻo ia ua aʻo ʻo ia me nā moʻolelo a ua hoʻohui i nā poʻe hāhai[8]. Ua hopuna a hoʻopā nā mana Iukaio iā ia, a ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ke ʻaupuni Roma, a ua kaulia ʻo ia i ke keʻa ma lalo o ka leo mana o Ponetio Pilato, he alakaʻi Roma.[9] Ma hope o kāna hala ʻana ua piliwi kona mau poʻe hāhai ua ala ʻo ia mai ka make ʻana, a ua lilo nā poʻe hāhai i ka halepule mua o Iesū.[10]
Hoʻokumu pū nā Manaʻoʻiʻo kūpaʻa Kristiano ua hāpai ʻia o Iesū mai ka ʻUhane Hemolele, ua hānau ʻia mai ka puʻupaʻa o Maria, ua hana mana ʻo ia, ua hoʻokahua ʻo ia i ka ʻekalesia Kristiano, ua make ʻia mai ke kaulia ʻia ʻana i ke keʻa no he luakini e make no nā lawehala a nā poʻe, ua ala mai ka make, piʻi i ka lewa lani, a e hoʻi mai ana ʻo ia.[11] Piliwi ka hapanui o nā poʻe Kristiano, he kōkua o Iesū e hoʻokuʻikahi me Ke Akua.[12] Piliwi pū ka hapanui o nā poʻe Kristiano o Iesū Ke Akua manaloa, a ke keiki a ka makua, ka poʻe lua i loko o ke kahikolu. Aʻole piliwi ka hapa iki o nā poʻe Kristiano i ke kahikolu, a ʻōlelo ʻia aʻole ke kahikolu ma loko o ka Baibala Hemolele. Hoʻolauleʻa ka hānau o Iesū ma ka lā 25 o Kekemapa kapa ʻia ke "Kalikimaka". Ua hoʻohanohano ʻia kona kaulia ʻia ʻana i ke keʻa ma ka Pōʻalima Hemolele, a kona ala hou ana ma ka Lāpule o Pakoa. ʻO ka hānau o Iesū ke kahua o nā wā ʻalemanaka o "AD", mai ka Latina anna Domina ("makahiki o Ke Akua"), a me "CE".[13]
Hoʻomana pū o Iesū ma waho o ke Kristiano. Ma ka Hoʻomana Mohameka, ʻO Iesū (ʻunuhi ʻia ma ka leo ʻAlapia o Isa) kekahi o nā kāula a Ke Akua a ka Mesia pū. Piliwi nā poʻe Hoʻomana Mohameka ua hānau ʻia mai he puʻupaʻa, akā aʻole Ke Akua. ʻŌlelo ʻia ke Kuran aʻale i ʻōlelo ʻo Iesū he akua ʻo ia iho. Aʻole piliwi nā poʻe Muslim ua make ʻia ʻo Iesū, a aʻole i kaulia ʻo ia i ke keʻa, akā ua hāpai ʻia o Ke Akua iā ia i ka lewa lani. A aʻole piliwi nā poʻe Iukaio he mesia ʻo Iesū, a aʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokō i nā wānana a ka Mesia, a aʻole hōʻakua ʻo ia a aʻole ʻo ia i ala hou.[14]
Molekumu E ho'opololei
Ua loaʻa ka Iukaio maʻamau i hoʻokahi inoa i ka wā o Iesū, i kekahi manawa ua hāhai ʻia ka ʻōlelo o "a [inoa makuakāne]" ai ʻole ke one hānau a ka poʻe.[15] Ma ke kauoha hou, ua kapa ʻia o Iesū e "Iesū o Nazareta" (Mareko 10:47). Ua kapa ʻia nā hoa noho o Iesū ma Nazareta iā ia o "ke kamanā, ke keiki o Maria a ke kaikuaʻana o Iakobo a Iose a Iuda a Simona" (Mareko 6:3), " ke keiki a ke kamanā" (Mateo 13:55), ai ʻole "ke keiki a o Iosepa" (Luka 4:22). Ma ka ʻEuanelio o Ioane, kapa ʻia o ka haumāna Filipo iā ia ʻo "Iesū keiki o Iosepa a no Nazareta" (Ioane 1:45)
Ua haku ka inoa Hawaiʻi o Iesū mai ka Pelekania Jesus, a mai ka Latina Iesus, he ʻunuhi o ka Helene Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs).[16] He ʻano wale ka inoa Helene o ka Hebero ישוע (Yeshua), he ʻano o ka inoa kahikohiko יהושע (Yehoshua), ai ʻole ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi Iosua (Joshua), me ka manaʻo "Ola Yah" (Yah: Iehowa).[17] He inoa kēia pū no ka hoʻoilina a o Mose[18] a he kahu mananui ma ke Kauoha Kahiko.[19]
Ua kapa inoa nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me ka inoa o Yeshua ma Judea akahi a ka hānau ʻo Iesū. Nā hana a kekahi hoʻopaʻa kūʻauhau o ke kenekulia 1, Flavius Josephus, i kākau ʻia ai ma ka Helene Koine, ka ʻōlelo like i kākau ʻia ai ke Kauoha Hou, ua loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi 20 mau poʻe me ka inoa o Iesū (Ἰησοῦς).[20] ʻO ka molekumu no ka inoa o Iesū ma ke Kauoha Hou ʻo "He ola i Yahweh (Ke Akua)"[21]
Mai ka wā mikiʻala o ka hoʻomana Kristiano, ua kapa ʻia nā poʻe Kristiano iā Iesu me ka inoa o "Iesū Kristo".[22] ʻO "Iesū Kristo" ka inoa i ʻōlelo ʻia na ka ʻEuanelio o Ioane, ua hāʻawi ʻo Iesū iāiā iho i ka manawa a kona pule manaloa.[23] He kūlana ka huaʻōlelo o Kristo ("ke Kristo"), aʻole he inoa kapa. Mai ka Helene Χριστός (Christos), he ʻūnuhi a ka Hebero משיח (mashiakh) me ka manaʻo o "māhinu", a ʻūnuhi mau ai iā "Mesia".[24] Ma ka hoʻomana Iukaio Baibala, ua hoʻohana ai ka ʻaila kapu no ka hoʻoponi a nā kanaka a nā mea hemolele, he ʻāpana o ka hoʻopuka hoʻomanamana. (nānā iā ʻOihana Kahuna 8ː10-12 a me Pukaʻana 30ː29)
Ua kuhikuhi nā poʻe Kristiano ma ka manawa iā Iesū i "ke Kristo" no ka mea ua piliwi lākou he Mesia ʻo ia, na kona hiki mai ʻana i wānana ʻia ai ma ka Baibala Hebero a ke Kauoha Kahiko. Ma ka manawa ma hope o ka Baibala, ua lilo o Kristo i inoa, hōʻike ʻia me hoʻokahi inoa, kekahi ʻāpana o "Iesū Kristo". Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa Kristiano (poʻe hāhai iā Kristo) mai ke kenekulia hoʻokahi[25].
| Nā ʻŌlelo | Nā Inoa o Iesū |
|---|---|
| Hawaiʻi | Iesū Kristo (Kariso) |
| Pelekania | Jesus Christ |
| Helene | Ἰησοῦ (Iēsoûs) |
| Hebero/ʻAramaika | ישוע (Yeshua) |
| Latina | Iesus |
| ʻAlapia | عيسى (Isa) |
| Haʻamoa | Iesu Keriso |
| Māori | Ihu Karaiti |
Nā Lunaʻōlelo E ho'opololei
He mau hāumana kā Iesu i ke kenekulia 1, kapa ʻia nā Lunaʻōlelo (heleneː ἀπόστολος, apóstolos) ai ʻole nā ʻaposetolo. He moʻolelo no ke kīʻoʻe o nā Lunaʻōlelo, i ka manawa ʻoihana kahuna pule a o Iesū, aia ka moʻolelo ma nā ʻeuanelio ʻekolu mua o ke Kauoha Houː Mateo 10ː1-4, Mareko 3ː13-19, Luka 6ː12-16.
"Eia kekahi, ia mau lā nō, hele akula ia i ka mauna e pule; hoʻomau ihola ʻo ia i ka pule i ke Akua ia pō a ao.
A ao aʻela, hea maila ia i kāna poʻe haumāna; a wae ihola ʻo ia he ʻumikumamālua o lākou; a kapa ihola ʻo ia iā lākou, he poʻe lunaʻōlelo:
ʻo Simona ka mea āna i kapa hou ai ʻo Petero, a ʻo ʻAnederea kona kaikaina; a ʻo Iakobo a me Ioane; ʻo Pilipo a me Baretolomaio;
ʻo Mataio a me Toma; ʻo Iakobo na ʻAlapaio, a me Simona i kapa ʻia ʻo Zelote;
ʻo Iuda ko Iakobo a me Iuda ʻIsekariota, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kumakaia."
Luka 6ː12-16, Ka Baibala Hemolele
| ʻEuanelio o Mateo | ʻEuanelio o Ioane | Inoa Helene/ ʻAramaika | Inoa Pelekania |
|---|---|---|---|
| Simona (kapa ʻia ʻo Petero) | Simona Petero | Shimon Cephas | Simon (Peter) |
| ʻAnederea/ʻAnalū (kō Petero kaikaina) | ʻAnederea (ʻAnalū) | Adam/Andropos | Andrew |
| Iakobo | Kekahi o nā keikikāne a Zebedee | Yacov | James |
| Ioane | Kekahi o nā keikikāne a o Zebedee/
Ka Lunaʻōlelo punahele o Iesū |
Yehochanan | John |
| Filipo | Filipo | Philippos | Philip |
| Baretolomaio | Natanaʻela | Ben Tholomyahu | Bartholomew |
| Toma | Toma | Didmyus | Thomas |
| Mateo/Levi | Aʻohe inoa | Mattanyahu Levi | Matthew/Levi |
| Iakobo na ʻAlapaio | Aʻohe inoa | Yacov | James son of Alphaeus |
| Tadaio/Iuda Zelota | Iuda | Yehuda (Judah) | Thaddaeus/Judas of Zealot |
| Simona (ke Kanaʻana) | Aʻohe inoa | Shimon | Simon |
| Iuda ʻIsekariota (mea kumakaia) | Iuda na Simona ʻIsekariota | Yehuda (Judah) | Judas Iscariot |
Nā Kūmole E ho'opololei
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=RvSEK2HALnwC
- ↑ In a 2011 review of the state of modern scholarship, Bart Ehrman wrote, "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees". Richard A. Burridge states: "There are those who argue that Jesus is a figment of the Church's imagination, that there never was a Jesus at all. I have to say that I do not know any respectable critical scholar who says that any more".Robert M. Price does not believe that Jesus existed, but agrees that this perspective runs against the views of the majority of scholars. James D. G. Dunn calls the theories of Jesus' non-existence "a thoroughly dead thesis". Michael Grant (a classicist) wrote in 1977, "In recent years, 'no serious scholar has ventured to postulate the non historicity of Jesus' or at any rate very few, and they have not succeeded in disposing of the much stronger, indeed very abundant, evidence to the contrary". Robert E. Van Voorst states that biblical scholars and classical historians regard theories of non-existence of Jesus as effectively refuted.
- ↑ Powell 1998, pp. 168–73.
- ↑ Vermes 1981, pp. 20, 26, 27, 29
- ↑ Dunn, James D.G. (2013). The Oral Gospel Tradition. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 290–91.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024703/http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rabbi.html
- ↑ Charlesworth, James H. (2008). The Historical Jesus: An Essential Guide. p. 113.
- ↑ Sanders 1993, p. 11
- ↑ Sanders 1993, pp. 11, 14
- ↑ Grudem 1994, pp. 568–603.
- ↑ Garrett, James L. (2014). Systematic Theology, Volume 2, Second Edition: Biblical, Historical, and Evangelical. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 766.
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anno%20Domini
- ↑ "Quran 3:46–158"
- ↑ Sanders, Ed P.; Pelikan, Jaroslav J. "Jesus Christ". Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Maas, Anthony J. (1913). "Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ"
- ↑ Wycliffe Bible Dictionary. entry Hebrew Language: Hendrickson Publishers. 1975.
- ↑ "Joshua 1:1"
- ↑ Ezra 3ː2
- ↑ Rogers, Cleon (1999). Topical Josephus. Zondervan. p. 12.
- ↑ France 2007, p. 53.
- ↑ Doninger 1999, p. 212
- ↑ Ioane 7ː13
- ↑ Pannenberg 1968, pp. 30–31.
- ↑ Mills & Bullard 1998, p. 142
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