Kākena

Kākena - kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e halihali i nā kānaka a i ʻole nā ​​ukana

Ua manaʻo ʻia nā kalapu kai a ka lihi i ka makahiki 17. I ka 1678, ua hōʻike ʻo Ferdinand Verbiest i kahi kaʻa like i ka emepela Kina, akāʻaʻohe mea i hōʻike ʻole ma kēia. No laila, ʻo ka mea hana kiʻi mua - mea hana o ke kaʻa kaʻa - ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he kanaka Farani i kapa ʻia ʻo Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, nāna i hāʻawi i kāna hana paionia i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mokulele i ka makahiki 1769.

I ka makahiki 1870, ua hana ʻo Austin Siegfried Marcus i kahi prototype o kahi kaʻa kaʻa me ka ʻenekini hoʻolani uila. I ka manawa aʻe, ua kūkulu hou ʻia kekahi mea hoʻolālā, ʻo ka Kelemānia Carl Benz i kāna kaʻa kaʻa ʻekolu i ka makahiki 1885 (i ka makahiki 1886 ua loaʻa iā ia kahi patent). I nā makahiki like, ua hana ʻo Wilhelm Maybach a me Gottlieb Daimler i ka hana ma ke kahua o nā ʻenekini kūwaho a me nā māka i hoʻouka ʻia e nā mīkini like. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia, nāna i hana mua i ka mīkini hoʻoliʻiwa o loko e hoʻohana ai i nā kaʻa.

ʻO ka kākana kaʻa ka mīkini. ʻO ka ʻenehana maʻamau ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kaʻa ʻo ke kūlohelohe o ka mīkini piston kūloko. ʻO nā hale kaʻa me nā wahi uila uila wale nō, i.e. nā kaʻa uila, ua hana ʻia. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi kaʻa ʻo kahi kaʻa paleka, kahi hui pū ʻana o kahi mīkini hoʻowalewale a me kahi ʻenehana uila.

ʻO ka meaʻenehana koʻikoʻi o ka kaʻa ke kumu o ka ikehu i koi ʻia e ka mīkini e hana.

Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻenehana kūloko kūloko, hiki i ke kumu o ka ikehu:

wahie ʻaila, e.g. kaʻauʻau a mea make paha;

wai kīʻaha likela, e.g. LPG a LNG paha;

wahie hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e.g. CNG.

Inā hoʻohana kekahi ʻea uila, hiki i ke kumu ikehu ke:

uila uila

limauha

hale papaʻi.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kaʻa kaʻaila ʻo ka Polenekia FSO Polonez